PVC Fish Tank For Fish Farm

The North American spotted catfish (catfish) is one of the first commercially cultivated catfish species.

Although American farms have been breeding this species since the late 1920s, the industry truly began in the southern United States in the late 1950s.

It expanded from Arkansas to the entire Mississippi Delta, and with the establishment of feed mills, the breeding area and catch continued to grow. Ultimately, many processing plants developed throughout the region, firmly establishing the industry as an economic force that cannot be ignored. Most industries in the United States are now shifting towards producing a hybrid of spotted catfish and blue catfish, and the production methods in fish ponds are becoming increasingly intensive.

The spotted catfish can tolerate cold winter temperatures, so it is widely introduced to temperate countries in South America, Asia, and Europe. In fact, starting from around two years old, it takes several weeks to several months of low temperature to trigger its maturation and egg laying. In 1984, this species was introduced to China, and pond aquaculture began in 1988, gradually forming industrial aquaculture in China.

The spotted catfish provides a new option for Chinese fish farmers operating in temperate climates. Since 2010, the production of spotted catfish in China has surpassed the species and their hybrids in the United States.

In the past decade, China's production of spotted catfish has increased from slightly less than 200000 tons to over 300000 tons. Blue catfish was also introduced to China in the 1980s, but so far, the hybrid breeding of blue catfish and spotted catfish has not been widely cultivated.

Unlike some catfish farmed in Asia and Africa, hybrid varieties of spotted catfish do not fully utilize oxygen and therefore cannot tolerate prolonged or severe hypoxia conditions, requiring high fish pond density. The typical yield is 8 to 11 tons per hectare per year, but it is reported that some dense pond systems have yields close to 17 tons per hectare.

Farmed tilapia production in 2002 worldwide was about 1,500,000 tonnes (1,500,000 long tons; 1,700,000 short tons) annually, with an estimated value of US$1.8 billion, about equal to those of salmon and trout.

Unlike carnivorous fish, tilapia can feed on algae or any plant-based food. This reduces the cost of tilapia farming, reduces fishing pressure on prey species, avoids concentrating toxins that accumulate at higher levels of the food chain, and makes tilapia the preferred "aquatic chickens" of the trade.

Because of their large size, rapid growth, and palatability, tilapiine cichlids are the focus of major farming efforts, specifically various species of Oreochromis, Sarotherodon, and Tilapia. Like other large fish, they are a good source of protein and popular among artisanal and commercial fisheries. Most such fisheries were originally found in Africa, but outdoor fish farms in tropical countries, such as Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and Indonesia, are underway in freshwater lakes. In temperate zone localities, tilapiine farming operations require energy to warm the water to tropical temperatures. One method uses waste heat from factories and power stations.

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