Rectangualr Fish Farming Tank Pond

Fish are a type of vertebrate that lives in water for life and varies in temperature; Usually, dissolved oxygen in water is breathed through gills, and swimming and balance are maintained through the movement of the trunk and fins.

It is now known that there are over 21700 species of fish in the world, widely distributed in the ocean and inland waters. There are over 4000 species of fish distributed in various water bodies in China, including over 800 species in inland waters and over 3000 species in seawater.

（1） Freshwater aquaculture fish

1. Cyprinus carpio

Carp is a typical omnivorous fish that mainly feeds on benthic animals, and can be fed with pellet feed when artificially raised.

The carp is sexual maturity at the 2nd to 3rd instar, and begins to breed when the water temperature reaches above 15 ℃ every spring.

The eggs of carp are sticky and attach to aquatic plants. They hatch larvae after about 4 days (around 20 ℃).

Hybrid carp grow rapidly, with an average weight of over 100g in ponds for the year and around 1kg in 2-year-old fish.

2. Carassius auratus

Crucian carp belongs to the order Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, subfamily Cyprinidae, and genus Crucian carp.

It has a wide distribution, strong adaptability, high population yield, delicious meat taste, and high economic value, and is widely cultivated in the south and north of China;

But its individual size is relatively small and its growth rate is slightly slower. A subspecies of crucian carp, silver crucian carp, is distributed in some water bodies in Northeast China. It is large in size and grows rapidly, and has been widely transplanted to various regions for artificial breeding.

The variety of crucian carp breeding also includes heterozygous silver crucian carp (Fangzheng silver crucian carp) ♀ × Xingguo Red Carp ♂ "Hybrid, heterologous gynogenesis"), Pengze crucian carp, Xiangyun crucian carp, etc. Goldfish is a variant (type) of crucian carp.

3. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

Silver carp belongs to the order Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, subfamily Silver carp, and genus Silver carp.

It has strong adaptability, fast growth speed, feeds on plankton, and is widely transplanted to various regions for artificial breeding. The silver carp reaches sexual maturity at the third age and produces drifting eggs, which can be naturally spawned and propagated in the upstream of large rivers.

4. Aristichthys nobilis

Phytoplankton eating (mainly zooplankton) bighead carp reach sexual maturity at the age of more than 4 years and produce drifting eggs, which can be naturally spawned and propagated in the upstream of large rivers.

5. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Typical herbivorous fish, grass carp reach sexual maturity at 3~4 years of age, and produce drifting eggs. They can naturally spawn and breed in the upstream of large rivers.

6. Mylopharyngodon piceus

It is a carnivore fish and is widely transplanted to various regions for artificial feeding. Black carp reach sexual maturity at the age of 4-5, and produce drifting eggs. They can naturally spawn and breed in the upstream of large rivers.

7. Megalobrama amblycephala

The round head bream, also known as Wuchang fish, is a small to medium-sized fish. It has strong adaptability and fast growth rate, and is a herbivorous fish that has been widely transplanted to various regions for artificial breeding. The 2nd to 3rd instars of Megalobrama amblycephala reach sexual maturity and lay sticky eggs.

8. Siniperca chuatsi

Siniperca chuatsi, also known as Mandarin fish, is commonly known as mandarin fish, etc. It belongs to Perciformes, families, and Siniperca chuatsi.

It is a precious freshwater fish cultivated in China. It feeds on other small fish, grows quickly, has a delicious meat taste, and has high commodity prices. There are also species of mandarin fish in the genus Siniperca that are cultivated, such as the large eyed mandarin fish, the long bodied mandarin fish, and the spotted mandarin fish.

9. Tilapia nilotica

Nile tilapia, commonly known as African crucian carp, belongs to the order Perciformes, family Cichlidae, and genus Orochloa.

Tilapia is widely distributed in Africa and the Middle East, with over 100 species. In addition to Nile tilapia, there are also large and fast growing aquaculture species such as Aurelia tilapia, longevity fish, rainbow bream, etc.

Nile tilapia is a small species of hot water fish, with a survival temperature range of mostly 10-40 ℃. The suitable water temperature for growth and development is 20-32 ℃;

The male growth of Nile tilapia is fast, and it can reach over 200g in artificial breeding that year.

Nile tilapia is omnivorous and suitable for various farming methods (such as earthen ponds, net cages, and freshwater industrialization), and can be fed with pellet feed; Under suitable conditions, sexual maturity can be reached in 3-6 months, and the sexual cycle is about 20-40 days.

10. Micropterus salmoides

The largemouth bass, also known as the California bass, belongs to the order Perciformes, family Sunfish (family Percidae), and genus Perciformes. The largemouth bass is native to the Mississippi River system in the United States and is a large freshwater bass.

11. Striped Perch (Morone saxatilis)

Striped bass, also known as striped wolf bass, belongs to the order Perciformes, family Percidae, and genus Wolveriformes.

Striped bass is a type of anadromous fish widely distributed in warm regions along the Atlantic coast.

It is a large, fast growing fish with strong adaptability to environmental conditions, especially with a wide range of adaptability to salinity and temperature. It is one of the traditional freshwater aquaculture fish in the United States.

12. Silurus asotus

Siluriformes belong to the order Siluriformes, family Siluridae, and genus Siluriformes. There are also catfish species in the catfish genus, such as the big mouth catfish and the southern catfish. The above fish are economic fish, with delicate meat and delicious taste, and have become breeding targets in recent years.

13. Ictalurus punctaus

The spotted forktail belongs to the order Siluriformes, family, and forktail genus.

Foracoda is native to the Mississippi River in the United States, mainly distributed in Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and other rivers and ancillary waters, and has become the main freshwater fish in the United States through domestication.

The survival water temperature is 0-38 ℃, and the optimal growth water temperature is 15-32 ℃. The diet is omnivorous and grows quickly, reaching over 200g in one year and over 800g in two years.

The 4th instar reaches sexual maturity, the water temperature for spawning is 20~30 ℃, the nest is built for spawning, and the eggs are sticky. In recent years, many countries around the world have introduced and raised crops. China was first introduced from the United States by Hubei Province in 1984. At present, there is aquaculture in both the north and south of China.

Spotted forktail is a large freshwater fish with a maximum individual weight of up to 35kg. It has a high meat content, rich protein and vitamin content, tender meat, and a delicious taste. It is popular among consumers in the United States, Canada, and many other countries. Processed and semi-finished products are popular in Western Europe, Japan, and other places.

14. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

Yellow catfish, also known as catfish or yellow radish, belongs to the order Siluriformes, family Bagridae, and genus Yellow catfish.

Except for a few areas in the southwest and northwest of China, freshwater bodies are distributed in all regions.

The yellow catfish is a small fish with a yellowish brown body color and brown markings on its sides. It grows slightly slower and is considered a small fish.

It has a variety of eating habits. When raised in a pond, its growth usually reaches 15-20g in the first year, and reaches 100 in the second year（ ♀）～  200g（ ♂）。

It has delicate meat, a delicious taste, no muscle spines, and high prices for commercial fish. Among the yellow catfish genus, there are also Wa's yellow catfish (river yellow catfish), glossy yellow catfish, forked tail yellow catfish, and intermediate yellow catfish, among which Wa's yellow catfish is also the main breeding target.

15. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

Loach belongs to the order Cypriniformes, family loach, and genus loach. It is a small freshwater fish. It is widely distributed and mostly inhabits lakes, ponds, and swamps.

Loaches are omnivorous, and during the juvenile stage, they mainly rely on animal feeding habits. As they grow up, they gradually shift towards plant-based feeding habits. It has strong adaptability to environmental conditions and is suitable for extensive cultivation in rice fields.

Loach meat is tender and has high nutritional value, with 22.6g of protein and 2.9g of fat per 100g of meat.

16. Salmon and Trout

Salmon trout belongs to the order Salmoniformes and the family Salmonidae. They are all cold-water fish with the advantages of large size, fast growth, good meat quality, and high economic value, making them a globally cultivated fish.

The main breeding species include rainbow trout, Donaldson rainbow trout, golden trout, mountain trout, hard headed trout, silver trout, Atlantic salmon, high white salmon, and fine scale salmon.

17. Sturgeon

Sturgeons belong to the order Acipenseriformes. The breeding targets include species of sturgeon family and white sturgeon family.

Sturgeons in the sturgeon family have two pairs of snout whiskers, with cartilaginous internal bones and rows of hard scales or bone plates on the back, sides, and abdomen of the fish. White sturgeon fish have one pair of snout whiskers and their bodies are naked without scales.

18. Monopterus albus

Yellow eels, commonly known as eels, belong to the order Synbranchia and the family Synbranchidae.

The body is slender, with a cylindrical shape at the front, gradually flattened at the back, and a pointed tail in a serpentine shape. The head is enlarged, the snout is pointed, and the mouth crack extends beyond the eyes.

Eyes are small and covered by a skin film. The body is yellow brown with irregular black spots, and the abdomen is gray white. Except for the western plateau in China, it is produced in all regions, with a large number in the Yangtze River Basin. April to August is the peak season for production.

A tuna (also called tunny) is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini, a subgrouping of the Scombridae (mackerel) family. The Thunnini comprise 15 species across five genera, the sizes of which vary greatly, ranging from the bullet tuna (max. length: 50 cm (1.6 ft), weight: 1.8 kg (4 lb)) up to the Atlantic bluefin tuna (max. length: 4.6 m (15 ft), weight: 684 kg (1,508 lb)). The bluefin averages 2 m (6.6 ft), and is believed to live up to 50 years.

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